Microbiology: Definitions and explanations page 1 PDF | Download eBooks
Learn microbiology terms with definitions and explanations, microbiology terminologies (Page 1) for science degree programs.
- What is Bright-Field Microscope?
Bright-field microscope is a simple optical microscope in which the illumination from the sample is transmitted ... - What is Capsule Staining?
Capsule staining is a technique that is used to reveal the absence or presence of capsules. ... - What is Atomic Force?
Atomic force microscopy (afm) also known as scanning force microscopy (sfm) is a type of scanning ... - What are Cocci?
Cocci is the plural for coccus, which is a term used for a bacterium or archaeon ... - What is Cell Envelope?
Cell envelop consists of the cell wall and the inner cell membrane of bacteria. an outer ... - What is Active Transport?
Active transport is a process in which energy is required to move the molecules across a ... - What is Antiport?
Antiport is a process in which a cell moves an ion across the membrane, down the ... - What is Cell Wall?
A cell wall is an organizational layer that surrounds a few types of cells outside the ... - What is Capsule?
The capsule is a part of bacterial structure, which is composed of polysaccharide, and the layer ... - What is Curing?
Curing is a process in which the bacterial cell loses its plasmid. there are multiple methods ... - What is Chemotaxis?
The movement of an organism, in response to a chemical stimulus is known as chemotaxis. the ... - What are Chemoreceptors?
A chemoreceptor, also called a chemo sensor, is a specialized sensory that converts a chemical substance ... - What are Cannulae?
Cannulae are tubelike structures, which are hollow and are present on the surface of thermophilic archaea ... - What are Actin Filaments?
Actin filaments are the linear polymers of g-actin subunits or globular actin subunits and are present ... - What is Autophagosome?
An autophagosome is a round in shape and structure having twofold layer membranes. it is the ... - What is Chromatin?
Chromatin, found in eukaryotic cells, is a complex of protein and dna. its basic function is ... - What is Bacteriophage?
Bacteriophages are types of viruses, which infect only bacteria. the literal meaning of word bacteriophage is ... - What is Cell Cycle?
Cell cycle is divided into two main stages in eukaryotes and these stages are mitotic (m) ... - What are Autolysins?
Autolysins are enzymes that act against bacteria and digest the cell- wall peptidoglycan of the bacterial ... - What are Compatible Solutes?
Compatible solutes or osmoprotectants are small organic molecules of low toxicity with a neutral charge at ... - What are Acidophiles?
Acidophiles/acidophilic are the organisms, which grow under extreme acidic conditions. the growth of acidophilic organisms is ... - What are Alkaliphiles?
Alkaliphile is a term that is used for those microorganisms, which optimally grow between the ph ... - What is Culture Medium?
Culture medium, also known as growth medium, is a liquid, solid or semi-solid designed to sustain ... - What is Complex Media?
A complex medium is a combination of sugar and extracts, resulting in a medium, which is ... - What is Colony?
Colony is defined as numerous individual organisms, especially of the same species, living together in a ... - What is Continuous Culture System?
The continuous culture system is initiated as a batch culture where the growth continues through the ... - What is Antimicrobial Agent?
Antimicrobial agents that either kill or stop the growth of microorganisms. these agents can be chemical, ... - What is Antisepsis?
Antisepsis is a term that is used for preventing infection either by obstructing the multiplication and ... - What is Chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment technique, in which one or more anti-cancer drugs are used, as ... - What is Calorie?
Calorie is a unit to measure energy. the gram calorie or the small calorie, denoted as ... - What is Catalyst?
Catalysts are those substances which when added to a reaction speeds up the rate of reaction ... - What is Activation Energy?
Activation energy is the amount of energy that is needed to bring together the reacting molecules ... - What is Active Site?
Active site is present on the enzyme to which the substrate binds to form the enzyme-substrate ... - What is Competitive Inhibitor?
Competitive inhibitors are from the category of enzymes called reversible inhibitors. reversible inhibitors dissociate the enzyme-inhibitor ... - What are Chemolithoautotrophs?
Chemolithoautotrophs are those organisms that obtain their necessary carbon, required for metabolic processes from carbon dioxide ... - What are Chemoorganoheterotrophs?
Chemoorganoheterotrophs are the organisms that require organic substrates to obtain the carbon reuired for their growth ... - What are Chemolithoheterotrophs?
Chemolithoheterotrophs are those organisms, which get their energy either from inorganic minerals or from other geological ... - What are Amphibolic Pathways?
Amphibolic is a term that is used to describe a biochemical pathway, which involves both anabolism ... - What is Aerobic Respiration?
Aerobic respiration is process in which cellular energy is produced by using oxygen. roughly 36 atp ... - What is Anaerobic Respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is the one in which glucose is broken down to release energy in the ... - What are Chlorophylls?
Chlorophylls are the several related green pigments that are present in the mesosomes of cyanobacteria and ... - What is Anoxygenic Photosynthesis?
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a type of photosynthesis in which light is trapped converted to atp and ... - What are Bacteriochlorophylls?
Bacteriochlorophylls (bchl) are photosynthetic pigments or modified chlorophyll that are present in multiple phototrophic bacteria. in ... - What is Amino Acid Activation?
In the process of amino acid activation, the amino acids (aa) are transferred to their trnas. ... - What are Chaperone Proteins?
Chaperones are proteins that help in the assembly or disassembly and covalent folding or unfolding of ... - What are Conditional Mutations?
Conditional mutations can be described as those mutations, which have a less severe (wild type) phenotype ... - What is Allele?
Alleles are the variant or alternate forms of a gene. mostly genes consist of two alleles. ... - What is Conjugation?
Conjugation is the process by which genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another through ... - What is Competent Cell?
Competent cells are those cells that can incorporate foreign dna in to their genome. e.coli cells ... - What is Alignment?
Alignment or sequence alignment is a technique to arrange the dna, rna or protein sequences so ... - What are Comparative Genomics?
Comparative genomics is a field that is related to the research in biology and compares the ... - What are Ab Toxins?
Ab toxins are the exotoxins that are made up of two components which are a and ... - What are Accessory Pigments?
Accessory pigments are the compounds, which absorb light. these pigments are found in organisms that photosynthesize ... - What is Acetyl-CoA Pathway?
The acetyl-coa pathway is a biochemical pathway that uses co2 as a source of carbon and ... - What is Acetyl-Coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA)?
Acetyl-coa is a combination of coenzyme a and acetic acid. acetyl-coa is manufactured by several catabolic ... - What is Acid-Fast?
Acid-fast are the organisms or bacteria such as mycobacteria, whose cell walls contain lipid substances in ... - What is Acid-Fast Staining?
To be pasted (acid fast stain). ... - What are Acidic Dyes?
Acidic dyes are the ones that have groups, which are negatively charged or are anionic such ... - What is Acquired Immune Tolerance?
Acquired immune tolerance is a state in which the antigen, which were once considered as foreign, ... - What is Acquired Immunity?
Acquired immunity is the type of immunity, which is not innate and is developed when a ...